REFORMATTING A PERSONAL COMPUTER

1. Start your pc and press key F2, F12 or delete key (Depends on your PC model). 

  Your PC BIOS settings will be displayed. Find boot menu. In boot device priority select CD-ROM as first boot device.

2. Your PC will boot from CD and windows installation will start. Press Enter at this screen.

3. Accept License agreement by pressing F8 key.

4. Delete the partitions.

5. Create the partitions.

6. Define the size of partitions.

7. Now select your desired partition for installation of Windows XP and press enter.

8. Choose to format the partition. Choose NTFS file system quick. 

9. Setup will format the partition.

10. After formatting, setup will start copying files on to the hard disk.

11. After copying of files, setup will start installing Windows. 

12.  Select desired language and regional settings, when prompted by setup.

13. Enter windows key.

14. Type a name for your computer.

15.  Select time and date settings and time zone according to your country.

16.  Provide network settings for networking pc's or select typical settings and press enter.

17.  Setup will install devices and register components.

18.   After completion setup will do a cleanup of files and will restart your pc automatically. At this stage you can remove CD from drive.

HOW TO SHARE FILE AND PRINTER ON A NETWORK?

PRELIMINARY STEPS:

1.  Create an IP address

2. Configure the IP address

3. Set Windows Firewall settings

 •Turn off firewall

  - Firewall – is a network security system that can monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

4. Set up a home or small office network

 - Network Setup Wizard – is a built-in feature of windows that let you setup a network for computer running Microsoft Windows operating systems.

(IMAGE STEP-BY-STEP FOR NETWORK SETUP WIZARD)

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SHARING FILE ON A NETWORK ADDRESS (SERVER)

1. Place the file inside the folder

2. Right click the folder

3. Click PROPERTIES

4. Click SHARING

5. Click SHARE THIS FOLDER ON THE NETWORK

6. Click APPLY

7. Click OK

CHECKING THE FILE (CLIENT)

1.    Click START BUTTON

2.    Click RUN

3.    Then type \\[IP Address of server]

SHARING PRINTER ON A NETWORK ADDRESS (SERVER)

1. Click CONTROL PANEL

2. Click ADD PRINTER

3. Right-click Printer

4. Click SHARING

5. Click SHARE THIS PRINTER

6. Click APPLY

7. Click OK

CONNECTING PRINTER ON A NETWORK (CLIENT)

1. Click RUN

2. Then type \\[IP address of server]

3. Double-click PRINTERS AND FAXES

4. Right-click PRINTER

5. Click CONNECT

WHAT IS A NETWORK ADDRESS?

NETWORK ADDRESS

Is more commonly known as IP ADDRESS. It is the numeric address of a computer connected to the network. It is a set of numbers, called as "octets" or "dotted decimal" notation that identifies any network device.       

It can be compared to the physical address that we use for our homes which uniquely identifies it from the rest of the homes in our neighborhood, town, city, province, country and the whole wide world.

EXAMPLES:
                
                        -172.16.254.1
                  -192.168.1.1              

WHAT ARE THE VERSIONS OF IP ADDRESS? 

There are two versions of IP that currently coexist in the global Internet: IP version 4 (IPv4) and IP version 6 (IPv6). IP addresses are made up of binary values and drive the routing of all data over the Internet. IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long, and IPv6 addresses 128 bits long.

                    1. IPv4- IP version 4

                           - It is the standard version

                    2. IPv6 - IP version 6
                           - It is the advanced version

IPv4 addresses are canonically represented in dotted-decimal notation, which consists of four decimal numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by dots, e.g., 172.16.254.1. Each part represents a group of 8 bits (octet) of the address.

BINARY DIGITS OF 172

WHAT ARE THE CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS?

With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E, while only A, B, and C are commonly used. Each class allows for a range of valid IP addresses, shown in the table below.

Note:

127 - is the loop back function of a network

CLASS D - is for multicast

CLASS E - is reserved for future or experimental purpose

HOW TO CREATE IP ADDRESS?

1. Right click My Network Places

2. Click Properties

3. Right click Local Area Connection

4.  Click Properties

5. Click TCP/IP

6. Click Properties

7. Click OK

IP CONFIGURATION

1. Click Start Button

2. Click Run

3. Type cmd

4. Type ipconfig

5. Type ping[ IP address]

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CABLE?

CABLE

 ~ Alternatively referred to as a cord, connector or plug, a cable is one or more wires covered in a plastic covering that allows for the transmission of power or data between devices. The picture is an example of what the power cord may look like for your computer or monitor. The power cord is just one example of thousands of other cables found in and around computers.

TYPES OF CABLE

A.           TWISTED PAIR

~ Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are twisted around each other.

There are 2 types of twisted pair cable, they are:

a.)           STP (Shielded Twister Pair)

~ is a special kind of copper telephone wiring used in some business installations. An outer covering or shield is added to the ordinary twisted pair telephone wires; the shield functions as a ground.

b.)           UTP (Unshielded-Twisted Pair)

~is most certainly by far the most popular cable around the world. UTP cable is used not only for networking but also for the traditional telephone(UTP-Cat 1).

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B.           COAXIAL

~Coaxial cable, or coax is a type of electrical cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis.

C.    FIBER OPTIC

~An optical fiber cable, also known as a fiber optic cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable, but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. 

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLE AND CROSS-OVER CABLE?

        STRAIGHT-THROUGH         CROSS OVER

Straight-through- it is used to connect DIFFERENT DEVICES.

Crossover- it is used to connect SAME TYPE OF DEVICES.